Moving beyond the second-order election model?

In this introduction to the sixth annual review of regional elections we identify three generations election studies that have applied second-order (SOE) model. First-generation literature finds authority, territorial cleavages, and (non-)simultaneity explain heterogeneity in SOE-effects because they affect ‘what is at stake’ a election. A ‘stake-based’ approach also underlies second-generation voters with strong identities who find government important are more likely make distinct party choices electoral arena. Third-generation research adopts multilevel system perspective considers impact political-institutional variables on extent horizontal vertical top-down bottom-up spill-over between national arenas. Four articles four reports contributions thereby reveal these scholarship remain highly relevant.